Surface characterization analysis of failed dental implants using scanning electron microscopy

Abstract

Objective . To investigate the failure of 15 dental implants (Paragon/Zimmer) in relation to their surface quality. Materials and methods . The study comprised of 15 dental implants (7 mm D Advent Implant, 3.9 mm D apex design implant), which were followed from surgery to completion of prosthetic restorations. The implants were placed during a 6-year period from 2003–2009 in non-smoking patients (male; 7, females; 5). There were eight upper and seven lower implants. Surface characterization after immersion in SBF of these failed implants was investigated using SEM and EDS compared to that of an unused implant of the same brand. Results. Results revealed that, following immersion in SBF, the implant surfaces showed new components like Ca⁺, Na⁺ and Cl⁻, but in trace quantities. Conclusions . After SEM observation and EDS analysis, it was concluded that the apatite layer formation could not be verified.

Key Words::

• titanium implants
• dental implants
• surface morphology

Acknowledgements

The study was funded by University of Karachi and Jinnah Medical and Dental College and acknowledged and supported by Queen Mary University of London, NED (Nadirshaw Edulji Dinshaw) University Karachi, UAE Health Authority and International Medical University. The excellent work by Yusuf Khan and the staff at the University of Karachi in arranging the SEM images is highly appreciated. The Bandays Dental Institute, Karachi, provided the implants.

Declaration of interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.