Pre-diabetes and diabetes: Medical risk factors and periodontal conditions

Abstract

Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the difference between subjects with pre-diabetes, well or poorly controlled diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2D) and non-diabetes concerning such medical risk factors as hemoglobin A1c, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) with periodontal conditions. Materials and methods. BMI, WC, PI, BOP, PD and marginal bone level (MBL) were recorded. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level and random blood glucose level (RBGL) were analyzed. Results. Forty-five subjects were pre-diabetics, 64 subjects had poorly controlled T2D, 28 subjects had well controlled T2D and 76 subjects were non-diabetics. Non-diabetics, pre-diabetics as well as subjects with T2D were overweight. Females in all groups had increased mean levels of WC. Number of PD ≥ 6 mm were increased in subjects with poorly controlled T2D compared to non-diabetics and pre-diabetics (p < 0.05). Conclusions. Pre-diabetic subjects showed the same periodontal conditions as non-diabetic subjects. Forty-five of the subjects reporting to have no diabetes were pre-diabetics. Non-diabetic, pre-diabetic and diabetic subjects were overweight. Subjects with poorly controlled T2D had severe periodontal conditions.

Key Words::

• alveolar bone loss
• body mass index
• HbA1c
• type2 diabetes
• waist circumference

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. Karin Näsström, Karolinska Institute and assistance of dental hygienist Waqas Ali Qureshi, Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi, Pakistan, during the time period of the project.

Declaration of interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.