Lactobacillus reuteri supplements do not affect salivary IgA or cytokine levels in healthy subjects: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of daily ingestion of probiotic lactobacilli on the levels of secretory IgA (sIgA) and selected cytokines in whole saliva of healthy young adults.

Materials and methods: The study group consisted of 47 healthy adults (18–32 years) who volunteered for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial after informed consent. During intervention, the subjects ingested two lozenges per day containing two strains of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri (DSM 17938 and ATCC PTA 5289) or placebo lozenges. The intervention and wash-out periods were 3 weeks. Saliva samples were collected at baseline, immediately after each intervention period and 3 weeks post-intervention. ELISA was used to measure sIgA and luminex technology was used to measure the interleukins (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10. For statistical analyses a mixed ANOVA model was employed to calculate changes in the salivary outcome variables.

Results: Forty-one subjects completed the study and reported a good compliance. No significant differences in the concentrations of salivary sIgA or cytokines were recorded between the L. reuteri and placebo interventions or between baseline and 3 weeks post-intervention levels. No side- or adverse effects were reported.

Conclusions: Supplementation with two strains of the probiotic L. reuteri did not affect sIgA or cytokine levels in whole saliva in healthy young adults. The results thereby indicate that daily oral supplementation with L. reuteri do not seem to modulate the salivary oral immune response in healthy young subjects (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02017886).

Keywords:

• Clinical studies
• immunoglobulins
• interleukins
• probiotics

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank technical assistant Pia Grothe Meinke for her skilled work in the laboratory. The experimental products were generously provided by Biogaia AB, Lund, Sweden. The study was supported by the Danish Dental Association (KOF) and by A.P. Møller og Hustru Chastine MC-kinney Møllers Fond til Almene Formaal.

Disclosure statement

Dr Jørgensen has received a faculty PhD grant at the University of Copenhagen, partly funded by Biogaia AB, Sweden. The other authors report no conflicts of interest.