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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Pathophysiological aspects of lower limb oedema in patients with proximal femoral fractures

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Pages 741-747 | Received 12 Apr 2009, Accepted 05 Jun 2009, Published online: 25 Nov 2009
 

Abstract

Objectives: To examine the changes in Starling components, regulating the transcapillary fluid transport, in patients with proximal femoral fractures (PFF). Material and methods: Twenty-eight patients with proximal femoral fracture were classified into femoral column fracture (FCF) and pertrochanteric fracture (PTF) groups. The following measurements were made in both groups of patients on the 7th post-operative day: colloid osmotic pressure of plasma and subcutaneous interstitial fluid (COPpl and COPif), capillary filtration coefficient (CFC) and interstitial fluid pressure (Pif) in the anterior muscle compartment of the leg and calf muscle blood flow, in both lower extremities. Results: The transcapillary colloid osmotic gradient was significantly reduced (p<0.02) in patients with PTF, and they also showed a significant increase in CFC values (p=0.038). Moreover, Pif was elevated (1.9 mmHg, SD 2.1, p=0.01) and calf muscle blood flow was significantly higher (p=0.02), than in the contralateral limb in patients with PTF. Conclusion: The transcapillary colloid osmotic gradient is significantly reduced in patients with PTF. This may partly explain why patients with PTF develop more oedema in the lower limb than those with FCF. CFC and calf blood flow are also significantly increased in the fractured limb, which allows increased transcapillary filtration.

Acknowledgement

The study was supported by a grant from the Sophies Minde Foundation.

Declaration of interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.

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