Perineural Spread of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Manifesting as Ophthalmoplegia

ABSTRACT

An 89-year-old female presented with horizontal diplopia and was diagnosed with VI nerve palsy attributed to a microvascular event. She subsequently progressed to develop an orbital apex syndrome, with neuroimaging demonstrating tumour invasion. Eighteen months earlier, she had squamous cell carcinoma of the forehead excised with clear margins. Intraneural and perineural spread of squamous carcinoma from the face to the cranial cavity is an important cause of delayed cranial nerve palsies after local excision of the skin tumour.

• Orbital apex syndrome
• perineural invasion
• squamous cell carcinoma

Declaration of interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.

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