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Neuro-Ophthalmology Volume 14, 1994 - Issue 5
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Review Article

Pupil examination and evaluation of pupillary disorders

Helmut Wilhelm Universitäts-Augenklinik, Department of Pathophysiology of Vision and Neuro-Ophthalmology, Tübingen, Germany
Pages 283-295 | Accepted 25 Mar 1994, Published online: 08 Jul 2009
 
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Abstract

This review article is dealing with the clinically relevant pupil research work, during the eighties and nineties and its consequences for the neuro-ophthalmologist. Suggestions for pupil examinations including pharmacological testing and handling of various pupillary disorders are given. The article covers the following items: (1) The pupil and the afferent visual system, (2) Parasympathetic pupillary dysfunction, (3) Disorders of the sympathetic pupillary innervation (Horners syndrome), (4) Other issues, including the pupil in diabetes mellitus, iris related pupillary disorders, the pupil as an indicator of vigilance, and the pupillary near reflex.

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