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Abstract
Recently, it has been showed that gadolinium oxide nanoparticles can provide high-contrast enhancement in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Moreover, liposomes due to high biocompatibility have shown unique model systems, with the most successful application being the drug delivery system. As a suitable cell-tracking contrast agent (CA) in molecular MRI (mMRI), the synthesis and optimisation characteristic of a novel paramagnetic liposomes (PMLs) based on gadolinium nanoparticles, essentially composed of a new complex of gadolinium oxide–diethylene glycol (Gd2O3–DEG) loaded in liposomes have been determined in this research. Gd2O3–DEG was prepared by a new supervised polyol method and was encapsulated with liposome by the film hydration method. The paramagnetic liposome nanoparticle (PMLN) sizes ranged from 65 to 170 nm. The r1 of PMLNs and Gd2O3–DEG were much higher than that of Gd-diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (Gd-DTPA). In MC/9 cell lines, the experiments showed similar results as in water. PMLNs with lower T1 than Gd-DTPA are sensitive, positive MRI CA that could be attractive candidates for cellular and molecular lipid content targets such as diagnostic applications.
| Abbreviations | ||
| mMRI | = | molecular magnetic resonance imaging |
| PET | = | positron emission tomography |
| SPECT | = | single photon emission computed tomography |
| Gd–DTPA | = | Gd-diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid |
| SPIO | = | super paramagnetic iron oxide |
| FOV | = | field of view |
| FSE | = | fast spin echo |
| DLS | = | dynamic light scattering |
| DEG | = | diethylene glycol |
| PD | = | proton density |
| TEM | = | transmission electron microscopy |
| XRD | = | X-ray diffraction |
| VSM | = | vibrating sample magnetometer |
| ICP | = | induced coupled plasma-atomic |
| AES | = | atomic emission spectroscopy |
| FTIR | = | Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy |
| RPMI | = | Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium |
| DMEM | = | Dulbecco modified eagle's medium |
| FBS | = | fetal bovine serum |
| LDH | = | lactate dehydrogenase |
| DMSO | = | dimethyl sulphoxide |
| PMLNs | = | paramagnetic liposome nanoparticles |
| T1 | = | longitudinal relaxation time |
| T2 | = | transverse relaxation time |
| SI | = | signal intensity |
| SNR | = | signal to noise ratio |
| SE | = | spin echo |
| R1 | = | longitudinal relaxation rate (1/T1) |
| R2 | = | transverse relaxation rate (1/T2) |
| r1 | = | longitudinal relaxivity |
| r2 | = | transverse relaxivity. |
| Abbreviations | ||
| mMRI | = | molecular magnetic resonance imaging |
| PET | = | positron emission tomography |
| SPECT | = | single photon emission computed tomography |
| Gd–DTPA | = | Gd-diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid |
| SPIO | = | super paramagnetic iron oxide |
| FOV | = | field of view |
| FSE | = | fast spin echo |
| DLS | = | dynamic light scattering |
| DEG | = | diethylene glycol |
| PD | = | proton density |
| TEM | = | transmission electron microscopy |
| XRD | = | X-ray diffraction |
| VSM | = | vibrating sample magnetometer |
| ICP | = | induced coupled plasma-atomic |
| AES | = | atomic emission spectroscopy |
| FTIR | = | Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy |
| RPMI | = | Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium |
| DMEM | = | Dulbecco modified eagle's medium |
| FBS | = | fetal bovine serum |
| LDH | = | lactate dehydrogenase |
| DMSO | = | dimethyl sulphoxide |
| PMLNs | = | paramagnetic liposome nanoparticles |
| T1 | = | longitudinal relaxation time |
| T2 | = | transverse relaxation time |
| SI | = | signal intensity |
| SNR | = | signal to noise ratio |
| SE | = | spin echo |
| R1 | = | longitudinal relaxation rate (1/T1) |
| R2 | = | transverse relaxation rate (1/T2) |
| r1 | = | longitudinal relaxivity |
| r2 | = | transverse relaxivity. |