The ageing population is neglected in research studies of traumatic brain injury

Abstract

Introduction The UK population is ageing with increasing number of elderly patients suffering traumatic brain injury (TBI). The purpose of this study was to identify national TBI admission demographics, analyse the temporal evolution of TBI mortality in a single centre and conduct a systematic review of the literature to identify whether there is an age bias amongst researchers studying TBI. Methods National demographics for TBI were obtained from Health Episode Statistics. TBI patients admitted from 2000 to 2011 to Cambridge University Hospitals Neurocritical Care Unit (NCCU) were divided into age groups (<60, 60–74, ≥75 years). Temporal evolution of mortality was analysed using a logistic regression method. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify primary TBI research studies. Patient’s ages were extracted and an average mean age was calculated and compared over time. Results From 1998, national TBI admissions have increased with the greatest rise in >60-year age group (p < 0.0001). In a tertiary referral critical care unit (n = 1145), the 60–74 year age group (compared to <60) had a significantly lower improvement in mortality over time (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.02–1.31). A literature review revealed a mean age of 32.73 years (SD ± 12.85) for patients recruited to primary TBI studies. Conclusion Despite increased admissions of elderly patients following TBI and static mortality (single centre, 60–74 year age group) there is little or no evidence of a corresponding increase in the age of patients recruited for TBI studies. In addition to the difficulties this presents in forming evidence-based decisions for the patient with TBI, it may also represent a wider problem for ICU research in an ever-ageing critical care population. More research needs to be conducted to establish the treatment end points for an ageing population.

Keywords:

• Aged
• mortality
• outcome assessment (health care)
• traumatic brain injury

Acknowledgements

We thank Mr Richard Parker for input into statistics.

Declaration of interest

This work was supported by no funding. Dr Veenith is supported by Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland and National Institute for Academic Anaesthesia clinical research training fellowships. The authors report no declarations of interest.