The Effect of Gentian Violet on Human Anterior Lens Epithelial Cells

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate whether the gentian violet staining of the anterior lens capsule during the cataract surgery is cytotoxic for the human lens epithelial cells, as an indirect indication of possible toxicity towards the corneal endothelium and the safety of gentian violet application.

Materials and methods: Two groups of anterior lens capsules obtained during the cataract surgery, gentian violet stained and non-stained, were incubated with fluorescent dye Fura-2. Their fluorescence, upon excitation at 360 and 380 nm, was imaged to monitor changes in free intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca²⁺]_i) in response to pharmacological stimulation by acetylcholine. The [Ca²⁺]_i homeostasis is the indicator of cellular function. The changes in [Ca²⁺]_i were compared between the two groups.

Results: Epithelial cells responded to acetylcholine in both groups of capsules - gentian violet stained (n = 17) and non-stained ones (n = 33). No significant differences of the elicited responses were found in rise time (p = 0.89), decay time (p = 0.61) or amplitude of [Ca²⁺]_i (p = 0.96 for 63× and p = 0.26 for 40× objectives) between the two groups of capsules (Student t test).

Conclusions: The staining of the anterior lens capsule with gentian violet during phacoemulsification in concentration of 0.01%, does not have detectable cytotoxic effects, which would affect the [Ca²⁺]_i homeostasis in lens epithelial cells. The data, if extrapolated to corneal endothelium, exposed to the same concentration, suggest that gentian violet in concentration of 0.01% is safe as an adjunct for capsule visualization in cataract surgery.

• Anterior lens capsule
• capsular staining
• gentian violet
• intracellular calcium
• lens epithelial cells