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Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the nature and extent of aesthetic dissatisfaction in patients with hand osteoarthritis (OA), and to investigate its impact on daily life and its determinants.
Method: Patients with primary hand OA, consulting secondary care, underwent physical examination for the number of joints with bony joint enlargements, soft tissue swelling and deformities, and radiographs. Questionnaires were filled in to measure pain and function (Functional Index for Hand Osteoarthritis, FIHOA), dissatisfaction with the appearance of the hands and its impact (aesthetic scales from the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire, MHQ), anxiety and depression (the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS), and illness perceptions (the revised Illness Perception Questionnaire, IPQ-R). Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using multivariate logistic regression as measures of relative risk for dissatisfaction with appearance or its impact, adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and joint-specific abnormalities (bony joint enlargements, deformities, or radiographic severity), self-reported pain and function.
Results: Of 247 patients (mean age 61.6 years, 88% women), 63 (26%) were aesthetically dissatisfied and 33 (13%) reported impact on daily life due to dissatisfaction. Patients with joint-specific abnormalities were at higher risk for reporting dissatisfaction. Patients who reported impact also reported more depression and negative illness perceptions, independently from joint-specific abnormalities.
Conclusions: Hand OA patients report aesthetic dissatisfaction with their hands regularly, especially in those with joint abnormalities. This dissatisfaction has a negative impact in a small group of patients who also reported more depression and negative illness perceptions. These results indicate the influence of psychosocial factors on outcome measures in patients with hand OA.
Supporting Information
Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article.
Supplementary Appendix 1: Prevalence of the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire aesthetics score, comprised of four questions: aesthetic satisfaction (lower scores = less satisfaction), discomfort in public (lower scores = more discomfort), depression (lower scores = more depression), interference normal social activities (lower scores = more interference).
Supplementary Appendix 2: Multivariate analyses for the determinants of aesthetic dissatisfaction and impact due to aesthetic dissatisfaction.
Supplementary Appendix 3: Multivariate analyses for the determinants of aesthetic dissatisfaction and impact due to aesthetic dissatisfaction.
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