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Abstract
This paper reviews the literature on the composting process, which is one of the technological options for the processing of municipal solid wastes (MSWs). The process assumes a great significance, particularly from the point of its economic viability, capability for recycling of nutrients and waste minimization with minimum environmental problems. A number of studies on various aspects of the composting process, including process control and monitoring parameters such as temperature, pH, moisture content, aeration, and porosity are reviewed. Salient observations on microbial properties of composting are described and details of vermicomposting, as well as a detailed analysis of patents on composting of MSW, are presented.
Acknowledgements
The author wishes to acknowledge Mr. S Satheesh Babu, Senior Project Assistant, NEERI (CSIR), Kolkata Zonal Centre in reviewing some of the literatures.
Declaration of interest
The authors declare no interest in the preparation of this review.
Annexure I
Salient findings of process variables studied by various researchers
Annexure II
List of Patents (filed and granted) on composting process