Vitamin K series: current status and future prospects

Abstract

The Vitamin K series, particularly menaquinone, have been attracting research attention, due to the potential in reducing both osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases. This review provides an overview of the types of vitamin K and their health benefits. This is followed by a critical review of the various biotechnological approaches used in the production of menaquinone, including solid and liquid state fermentations, extraction and recovery. The currently available market information is summarized and future growth prospects are discussed. Recommendations are also given for areas of future research in order to improve the production process for menaquinone and reduce costs.

• Biotechnology
• extraction
• fermentation
• menaquinone
• phylloquinone
• Vitamin K

Acknowledgment

The authors acknowledge the financial support from Australian Research Council and Agricure Pty Ltd.

Declaration of interest

The authors report no conflicts of interest. All authors are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.