Publication Cover
Inhalation Toxicology
International Forum for Respiratory Research
Volume 21, 2009 - Issue 13
188
Views
16
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Source category-specific PM2.5 and urinary levels of Clara cell protein CC16. The ULTRA study

, , , , , , & show all
Pages 1068-1076 | Received 21 Dec 2007, Accepted 06 Jan 2009, Published online: 23 Oct 2009
 

Abstract

Introduction: We have previously reported that outdoor levels of fine particles (PM2.5, diameter <2.5 μm) are associated with urinary CC16, a marker for lung damage, in Helsinki, Finland, but not in the other two ULTRA cities (Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Erfurt, Germany). We here evaluated whether PM2.5 from specific source categories would be more strongly associated with CC16 than (total) PM2.5. In addition, we compared two source apportionment methods.

Methods: We collected biweekly spot urinary samples over 6 months from 121 subjects with coronary heart disease for the determination of CC16 (n = 1251). Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to apportion daily outdoor PM2.5 between different source categories. In addition, the multilinear engine (ME) was used for the source apportionment in Amsterdam and Helsinki. We analyzed associations of source category-specific PM2.5 and PM2.5 absorbance, an indicator for combustion originating particles, with logarithmized values of CC16 adjusting for urinary creatinine using multivariate mixed models in STATA.

Results: In the pooled analyses, CC16 was increased by 0.6% (standard error 0.3%) per 1 × 10−5 m−1 increase in the same-day levels of PM2.5 absorbance. Source category-specific PM2.5 concentrations were not consistently associated with the levels of CC16 in the three cities. Correlations between source category-specific PM2.5 determined using either PCA or ME were in general high. Associations of source category-specific PM2.5 with CC16 in Amsterdam and Helsinki were statistically less significant when ME was used.

Conclusions: The present results suggest that PM2.5 from combustion sources increases epithelial barrier permeability in lungs.

Declaration of interest: This study was supported by the Health Effects Institute (HEI research agreement 98-16) and was conducted within the framework of the exposure and risk assessment ULTRA Study (Exposure and Risk Assessment for Fine and Ultrafine Particles in Ambient Air), funded by the European Union Environment and Climate Research Programme (contract ENV4-CT97-0568). The reporting was financially supported by the Centre of Excellence Programme 2002–2007 of the Academy of Finland (contract 53307) and the National Technology Fund (TEKES, contract 40715/01). Bénédicte Jacquemin benefits from an Inserm post-doctoral fellowship (“poste vert”). The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.

Log in via your institution

Log in to Taylor & Francis Online

PDF download + Online access

  • 48 hours access to article PDF & online version
  • Article PDF can be downloaded
  • Article PDF can be printed
USD 65.00 Add to cart

Issue Purchase

  • 30 days online access to complete issue
  • Article PDFs can be downloaded
  • Article PDFs can be printed
USD 389.00 Add to cart

* Local tax will be added as applicable

Related Research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.