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Abstract
HIV infection is associated with an increased risk of primary cognitive disorders. These can have important implications for quality of life and the care of people with the disease. In this paper, we review the concepts, terminology and diagnosis of HIV-associated dementia and related disorders. This is followed by discussion of their epidemiology, course and prognosis. The concept of HIV-associated minor cognitive impairment is considered, as well as the evidence for its presence in HIV symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. The management of HIV-associated dementia is considered next, with discussion of pharmacological, psychological and social interventions. Finally, the question of the prevention of HIV-associated dementia is reviewed.