Residential radon and lung cancer characteristics in never smokers

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study is to assess if there is a relationship between residential radon and lung cancer histological types and patients’ age at diagnosis.

Materials and methods: We conducted a multicenter hospital-based case-control study with eight participating hospitals. We included 216 never-smoking cases with primary lung cancer and 329 never-smoking controls. Controls were frequency matched with cases on age and sex distribution. Of them, 198 cases (91.7%) and 275 controls (83.5%) had residential radon measurements.

Results: Lung cancer risk reached statistical significance only for adenocarcinoma (Odds ratio [OR] 2.19; 95% Confidence interval [CI] 1.44–3.33), for other histologies the results were marginally significant. Residential radon level was higher for patients diagnosed before 50 and 60 years old than for older lung cancer cases.

Conclusions: Residential radon in never smokers seems to be a risk factor for all lung cancer histologies. Individuals diagnosed at a younger age have a higher residential radon concentration, suggesting an accumulative effect on lung cancer appearance.

Keywords::

• Lung neoplasms
• radon
• histologic type
• case-control studies
• multicenter study

Acknowledgements

This paper has been funded by a competitive research grant of the Xunta de Galicia: 10CSA208057PR ‘Risk factors of lung cancer in never smokers: a multicenter case-control study in the Northwest of Spain.’ This work is part of the research conducting to the PhD degree of María Torres Durán, MD.

Declaration of interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.