Mental health recovery on care farms and day centres: a qualitative comparative study of users’ perspectives

Abstract

Purpose: Mental health services increasingly incorporate the vision of recovery. This qualitative study analysed and compared experiences of recovery on prevocational services, in order to assess if users make progress towards recovery, relative to a staged recovery model. Method: Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with participants on care farms (n = 14), work (n = 7) and creative projects (n = 5). Results: The transition from past to current lives was described as a progressive, non-linear process, with different stages guided by different goals. Participants on creative projects lacked clear goals, presented less interest in peers and high need for emotional support. Participants on work projects aimed for occupational rehabilitation, but struggled with the patient culture of the peer community. Participants on care farms aimed for daytime occupations and closer contact with society. They experienced care farms as open, real-life work settings where they could exercise responsibility and connect with people. Conclusions: Participants progressed towards recovery, as care farms, work- and creative projects empowered them to leave behind inactive, isolated or disorganized living. In day centres, users focused on self-reflection and personal development (creative projects) or on occupational performance (work projects), whereas on care farms, users fulfilled worker roles in a real-life, open community environment.

Implications for Rehabilitation

• Organized as open communities in real-life settings, care farms facilitate the reflection on personal and social responsibility, and therefore have the potential to help users internalize worker identities and improve their motivation to progress towards recovery.

• Supervisors on care farms are regarded by users as close contacts within the social networks they develop on the service, a position that allows supervisors to actively engage and promote users’ progress towards recovery.

• Elements of the farm environment (such as the “normal life”, presence of family members and visitors, and nature) can serve as anchors for supporting the progress towards recovery.

• Day services
• farms
• mental health recovery
• social integration

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Prof. Tjard de Cock Buning for valuable comments on methodological aspects of the final version of this manuscript, and Janneke Verheijen for her contributions to the data collection. We are grateful to service providers on care farms and day centres for facilitating this research, and we are endowed to all participants in our study for sharing their experiences with us.