The effect of rater training on scoring performance and scale-specific expertise amongst occupational therapists participating in a multicentre study: a single-group pre–post-test study

Abstract

Purpose: In order to enhance the quality of the data collected in a multicentre validation study of a revised Danish version of the McGill Ingestive Skills Assessment (MISA), the authors developed a rater training programme. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the training on scoring performance and scale-specific expertise amongst raters. Method: During 2 days of rater training, 81 occupational therapists (OTs) were qualified to observe and score dysphagic clients’ mealtime performance according to the criteria of 36 MISA-items. The training effects were evaluated pre- to post-training using percentage exact agreement (PA) of scored MISA items of a case-vignette and a Likert scale self-report of scale-specific expertise. Results: PA increased significantly from pre- to post-training (Z = −4.404, p < 0.001), although items for which the case-vignette reflected deficient mealtime performance appeared most difficult to score. The OTs scale-specific expertise improved significantly (knowledge: Z = −7.857, p < 0.001 and confidence: Z = −7.838, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Rater training improved OTs scoring performance when using the Danish MISA as well as their perceived scale-specific expertise. Future rater training should emphasis the items identified as those most difficult to score. Additionally, further studies addressing different training approaches and durations are warranted.

Implications for Rehabilitation

• When occupational therapists (OTs) use the McGill Ingestive Skills Assessment (MISA) they observe, interpret and record occupational performance of dysphagic clients participating in a meal. This is a highly complex task, which might introduce unwanted variability in measurement scores.

• A 2-day rater training programme was developed and this builds on the findings of several studies. These suggest that combinations of different training methods tend to yield the most effective results.

• Participation in the newly developed training programme on how to administer the MISA significantly reduces unwanted variability in measurement scores and improves OTs’ competency.

• The training programme could be used in undergraduate and postgraduate dysphagia education initiatives to help OTs understanding of the content and the scoring criteria for each aspect of occupational performance during a meal, thus developing observation skills as well as recognizing and avoiding the most common errors in measurement scores.

Keyword:

• Occupational therapists
• outcome assessment
• rater training
• reliability
• validity

Acknowledgements

First and foremost, the authors thank the occupational therapists who participated in the rater training and gave consent to use their certification tests for this study. We gratefully acknowledge the Division of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Metropolitan University College in Copenhagen for supporting the study. We also thank Senior lecturer Anne-Le Morville, PhD and Senior Lecturer Lone Decker at the Division of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Metropolitan University College in Copenhagen for thorough and critical reading of the manuscript.

Declaration of interest

The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.