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Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Volume 26, 1991 - Issue 5-6
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Research Article

Paranemic Structures of DNA and their Role in DNA Unwinding

Gad Yagil Department of Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
Pages 475-559 | Published online: 26 Sep 2008
 
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Abstract

A DNA structure is defined as paranemic if the participating strands can be separated without mutual rotation of the opposite strands. The experimental methods employed to detect paranemic, unwound, DNA regions is described, including probing by single-strand specific nucleases (SNN), conformation-specific chemical probes, topoisomer analysis, NMR, and other physical methods. The available evidence for the following paranemic structures is surveyed: single-stranded DNA, slippage structures, cruciforms, alternating B-Z regions, triplexes (H-DNA), paranemic duplexes and RNA, protein-stabilized paranemic DNA. The problem of DNA unwinding during gene copying processes is analyzed; the possibility that extended paranemic DNA regions are transiently formed during replication, transcription, and recombination is considered, and the evidence supporting the participation of paranemic DNA forms in genes committed to or undergoing copying processes is summarized.

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Source: Elsevier BV
Rat L (long interspersed repeated DNA) elements contain guanine-rich homopurine sequences that induce unpairing of contiguous duplex DNA.
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Conformational fluctuations of DNA helix
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
A long polypyrimidine/polypurine tract induces an altered DNA conformation on the 3' coding region of the adjacent myosin heavy chain gene
Source: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Cruciform structures in supercoiled DNA
Source: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA replication: SV40 large T antigen unwinds DNA containing the SV40 origin of replication
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Mechanism of CRP-cAMP activation of lac operon transcription initiation activation of the P1 promoter☆
Source: Elsevier BV
Mitochondrial DNA. I. Intramitochondrial distribution and structural relations of single- and double-length circular DNA.
Source: Elsevier BV
The Interaction of Chromatin with Alkylating Agents
Source: Wiley
In vivo mapping of DNA topoisomerase II-specific cleavage sites on SV40 chromatin.
Source: Elsevier BV
Superhetieity induces hypersensitivity of a human polypyrimldine polypurine DNA sequence in the human α2-α1 globin intergenic region to SI nudease digestion - high resolution mapping of the clustered cleavage sites
Source: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Reaction of diethyl pyrocarbonate with nucleic acid components. Bases and nucleosides derived from guanine, cytosine, and uracil.
Source: American Chemical Society (ACS)
The stability of polypurine tetraplexes in the presence of mono- and divalent cations
Source: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Spectrophotometric studies on nucleic acid derivatives and related compounds as a function of pH: II. Natural and synthetic pyrimidine nucleosides
Source: Elsevier BV
Promoter-specific inhibition of transcription by antibiotics which act on DNA gyrase.
Source: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Simian virus 40 origin auxiliary sequences weakly facilitate T-antigen binding but strongly facilitate DNA unwinding.
Source: American Society for Microbiology
A topological model for transcription based on unwinding angle analysis of E. coli RNA polymerase binary, initiation and ternary complexes
Source: Elsevier BV
Developmental regulation of topoisomerase II sites and DNase I-hypersensitive sites in the chicken beta-globin locus.
Source: American Society for Microbiology
Restriction endonucleases can be used to study B-Z junctions in supercoiled DNA.
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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