Cardiac and neuroprotection regulated by α₁-adrenergic receptor subtypes

Abstract

Sympathetic nervous system regulation by the α₁-adrenergic receptor (AR) subtypes (α_1A, α_1B, α_1D) is complex, whereby chronic activity can be either detrimental or protective for both heart and brain function. This review will summarize the evidence that this dual regulation can be mediated through the different α₁-AR subtypes in the context of cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, apoptosis, ischemic preconditioning, neurogenesis, locomotion, neurodegeneration, cognition, neuroplasticity, depression, anxiety, epilepsy, and mental illness.

Keywords::

• Adrenergic
• cardiac
• cognition
• epilepsy
• heart failure
• ischemia
• receptor
• neurodegeneration
• neurogenesis
• neurological
• norepinephrine
• preconditioning
• protection
• stem Cells