Abstract
In summary, although there are many socio-cultural explanations for violent behavior, it is critical that health care providers adopt a stress-vulnerability model that carefully weighs the biologic factors contributing to violence as well as the environmental influences. In this way new and effective psychobiological interventions will offer hope and safety to the individual who is affected and the family and society that are at risk from that individual's violent behavior. Violence must be approached holistically, including spiritual interventions and complementary therapies that should be administered. In the future gene therapy may even offer hope of a cure. All of the therapies have the potential to alter brain chemistry and help heal this chronic brain disorder that involves inappropriate and potentially dangerous behavior.