Engagement and avoidance in support staff working with people with intellectual disability and challenging behaviour: A multiple-case study

† This manuscript was accepted under the Editorship of Ian Dempsey.

Abstract

Background Challenging behaviour of clients influences emotional wellbeing of staff; this in turn affects levels of staff engagement and avoidance within interactions with clients. The main goal of this study was to investigate to what extent levels of staff engagement and staff avoidance are related to challenging and desirable client behaviours and clients' initiatives for contact.

Method Participants were 8 support staff and 3 clients. Staff and client behaviours were measured within moments of interaction in natural settings using systematic observational data.

Results The results showed that general levels of staff engagement, avoidance, and client behaviours seem to be related. However, individual, sequential analyses do not support these relationships.

Conclusions Future research should take a more individual and intrapersonal view of staff behaviour and staff–client interaction into account, in order to obtain a detailed and realistic image of individual patterns in interactions between support staff and clients.

Keywords:

• support staff
• challenging behaviour
• engagement
• avoidance
• interaction

Acknowledgements

We thank the clients and staff members of Dichterbij STEVIG in the Netherlands for their participation. We would also like to thank Bram Toll and Danielle Brinkhaus for their contribution as observers.

Notes

† This manuscript was accepted under the Editorship of Ian Dempsey.