Are obesity and physical fitness associated with cardiovascular disease risk in adolescents with Down syndrome? The longitudinal UP&DOWN study

ABSTRACT

Introduction

The aims of this study were to examine cross-sectional, and longitudinal association of different measures of obesity and physical fitness with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in adolescents with Down syndrome.

Methods

Longitudinal analysis included 90 adolescents with Down syndrome. Obesity and physical fitness were measured following the ALPHA battery. Blood pressure and blood samplings (glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and serum lipid triglycerides levels (mg/dl) were determinated.

Results

In cross-sectional analyses, obesity was positively associated with single CVD risk factors and CVD risk factor index (all p < .05). In the prospective analyses, obesity was not associated with single CVD risk factors, but components of physical fitness at baseline impact in some single CVD risk factors (all p < .05).

Conclusion

Obesity might be more strongly related to current cardiovascular-health, while components of physical fitness might be more related to future cardiovascular-health in adolescents with Down syndrome.

KEYWORDS:

• Down syndrome
• obesity
• physical fitness

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank all adolescents with Down syndrome, parents, and institutions collaborators in this study.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This study was supported by the DEP 2010-21662-C04-00 grant from the National Plan for Research, Development and Innovation (R+D+i) MICINN. VCS is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (IJC2018-038008-I). IEC is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RYC2019-027287-I).