Ocular manifestations of X-linked dominant FAM58A mutation in toe syndactyly, telecanthus, anogenital, and renal malformations (‘STAR’) syndrome

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To report the newest ophthalmic manifestations of a mother-daughter pair diagnosed with toe syndactyly, telecanthus, anogenital and renal malformations (STAR) syndrome, a rare X-linked developmental disorder.

Methods: The medical and ophthalmic records were reviewed for a mother-daughter pair diagnosed with FAM58A confirmed STAR syndrome on chromosome Xq28.

Results: The mother at birth had left foot syndactyly, telecanthus, anal stenosis, and clitoromegaly and was told at 19 she had a hypoplastic left kidney. The daughter, born at 38 weeks after a complication of oligohydramnios, had a more severe presentation, demonstrating toe syndactyly, telecanthus, anal stenosis, clitoromegaly, bilateral renal hypoplasia, ureteral reflux, urogenital sinus, and congenital heart disease amongst others. The pair shared similar ophthalmic findings, though those of the daughter were more pronounced. They included bilateral, medial upper eyelid prominences with madarosis, mild peripapillary atrophy, and soft macular drusen with the daughter also displaying optic nerve hypoplasia and peripheral anterior synechia in the iridocorneal angle.

Conclusion: These ophthalmic findings are the first reported to our knowledge in association with STAR syndrome. The literature frequently demonstrates that patients with developmental anomalies often have ocular manifestations, warranting a full ophthalmic examination when the diagnosis of STAR syndrome has been made or is being considered.

KEYWORDS:

• FAM58A
• macular drusen
• madarosis
• ophthalmology
• optic nerve hypoplasia
• peripapillary atrophy
• peripheral anterior synechia
• STAR syndrome
• visual development

Declaration of interest

The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of this article.