Primary and secondary surveys on epidemiology of Sjögren's syndrome in Japan

Abstract

Objective. To characterize the epidemiology of Sjögren's syndrome (SS), including prevalence, disease type, extra-glandular involvement, satisfaction of diagnostic criteria sets, and treatment used in Japan.

Methods. The Research Team for Autoimmune Diseases, the Research Program for Intractable Disease by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare conducted primary and secondary surveys on epidemiology of SS in 2011. The primary survey covered 4,729 out of 14,095 Japan-wide Hospital Departments to investigate the prevalence of SS. The secondary survey encompassed 214 Hospital Departments that agreed to the survey, to characterize disease type, extra-glandular involvement, satisfaction of diagnostic criteria sets, and treatments.

Results. The number of patients with SS in Japan estimated by the primary survey was 68,483. The secondary survey involving data collected from 2,195 SS patients from 98 Hospital Departments showed that the mean age of patients was 60.8 ± 15.2 years, male/female ratio was 1/17.4, primary/secondary SS was about 60%/40% and glandular/extra-glandular form in primary SS was about 70%/25%. The satisfaction rate was 53.8% for the 1999 revised Japanese Ministry of Health criteria for the diagnosis of SS, 47.7% for the 2002 American–European Consensus Group classification criteria for SS and 49.6% for 2012 American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for SS. Corticosteroids were used by 752 of 2,195 patients (34%), immunosuppressants by 358 patients (16%), biologics by 68 patients (3%) and secretagogues by 695 patients (32%).

Conclusion. The surveys provided valuable information on the epidemiology of SS including prevalence, disease type, extra-glandular involvement, satisfaction of diagnostic criteria sets and treatments used today in Japan.

Keywords:

• Criteria
• Epidemiology
• Extra-glandular form
• Glandular form
• Sjögren's syndrome
• Treatment

Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. F. G. Issa for the critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by Health and Labour Sciences Research Grants for research on intractable diseases (The Research Team for Autoimmune Diseases) from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan.

Conflict of interest

None

Authors’ contributions

All authors contributed to the design of the study and data collection, and participated in the writing of the manuscript and all agree to accept equal responsibility for the accuracy of the contents of this paper.