Size at birth and insulin-like growth factor-I and its binding protein-1 among infants of diabetic mothers

Abstract

Objective: to estimate the association between intrauterine fetal growth, evaluated by anthropometric measurements, and biochemical growth factors; IGF-I and IGBP-1 among IDMs. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out on 69 full term IDMs who was admitted to neonatal intensive care units, Ain Shams University Hospitals. Clinical examination including anthropometric measurements; birth weight, length, head circumference, mid-arm circumference, skinfold thickness at triceps and subscapular areas and placental weight. Laboratory investigations included maternal HbA_1c and cord blood IGF-I and IGBP-1. They were classified into three groups: 20 small for gestational age (SGA), 25 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and 24 large for gestational age (LGA). Results: Most of SGA neonates were born to mothers with type I diabetes, while most of AGA and LGA were born to mothers with gestational diabetes. According to maternal HbA_1c, SGA and LGA neonates were born to metabolically uncontrolled mothers while AGA neonates were born to well-controlled diabetic mothers. Anthropometric measurements had significant positive correlations with IGF-I and negative correlations with IGFBP-1. Conclusions: Good control of diabetes during pregnancy is essential to improve fetal growth. There is an opposing effect of cord blood IGF-I and IGFBP-1 on anthropometric measurements.

Keywords::

• Anthropometric measurements
• appropriate for gestational age
• small for gestational age
• large for gestational age
• maternal glycemic control

Declaration of Interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest.