Pessary versus cerclage versus expectant management for cervical dilation with visible membranes in the second trimester

Abstract

Objective: We evaluated pessary for dilated cervix and exposed membranes for prolonging pregnancy compared to cerclage or expectant management.

Methods: Multicenter retrospective cohort study of women, 15–24 weeks, singleton pregnancies, dilated cervix ≥2 cm and exposed membranes. Women received pessary, cerclage or expectant management. Primary outcome was gestational age (GA) at delivery. Secondary outcomes were time until delivery, preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and neonatal survival.

Results: About 112 women met study criteria; 9 – pessary, 85 – cerclage and 18 – expectant management. Mean GA at delivery was 22.9 ± 4.5 weeks with pessary, 29.2 ± 7.5 weeks with cerclage and 25.6 ± 6.7 weeks with expectant management (p = 0.015). Time until delivery was 16.1 ± 18.9 days in the pessary group, 61.7 ± 48.2 days in the cerclage group and 26.8 ± 33.4 days in the expectant group (p < 0.001). PPROM occurred less frequently and neonatal survival increased in women with cerclage. There was a significant difference in all the perinatal outcomes with cerclage compared with either pessary or expectant management.

Conclusions: Perinatal outcomes with pessary were not superior to expectant management in women with dilated cervix with exposed membranes in the second trimester in this small retrospective cohort.

Keywords:

• Advanced cervical dilation
• cerclage
• exposed membranes
• pessary

Declaration of interest

The authors report no declarations of interest. This study was not funded.