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Original Article

The effect of frequency-dependent microphone directionality on horizontal localization performance in hearing-aid users

, , , &
Pages 789-803 | Received 15 Sep 2008, Accepted 11 May 2009, Published online: 01 Dec 2009
 

Abstract

Abstract

Frequency-dependent microphone directionality alters the spectral shape of sound as a function of arrival azimuth. The influence of this on horizontal-plane localization performance was investigated. Using a 360° loudspeaker array and five stimuli with different spectral characteristics, localization performance was measured on 21 hearing-impaired listeners when wearing no hearing aids and aided with no directionality, partial (from 1 and 2 kHz) directionality, and full directionality. The test schemes were also evaluated in everyday life. Without hearing aids, localization accuracy was significantly poorer than normative data. Due to inaudibility of high-frequency energy, front/back reversals were prominent. Front/back reversals remained prominent when aided with omnidirectional microphones. For stimuli with low-frequency emphasis, directionality had no further effect on localization. For stimuli with sufficient mid- and high-frequency information, full directionality had a small positive effect on front/back localization but a negative effect on left/right localization. Partial directionality further improved front/back localization and had no significant effect on left/right localization. The field test revealed no significant effects. The alternative spectral cues provided by frequency-dependent directionality improve front/back localization in hearing-aid users.

Sumario

La direccionalidad de un micrófono frecuencia-dependiente altera la configuración espectral del sonido como función del azimuth de llegada. Se investigó la influencia de esto en el desempeño para la localización en el plano horizontal. Usando un sistema de altoparlante 360° y cinco estímulos con diferentes características espectrales, se midió el desempeño para la localización en 21 hipoacúsicos, sin usar auxiliares auditivos y con el apoyo de no direccionalidad, de direccionalidad parcial (de 1 y 2 kHz) y con direccionalidad total. Los esquemas de la prueba también se evaluaron en la vida cotidiana. Sin auxiliares auditivos, la precisión para localizar fue significativamente más pobre que los datos normativos. Debido a la inaudibilidad de la energía de altas frecuencias, las inversiones frente/atrás fueron prominentes. Las inversiones frente/atrás permanecieron prominentes cuando hubo apoyo con micrófonos omnidireccionales. Para estímulos con énfasis en frecuencias graves, la direccionalidad no tuvo un efecto adicional en la localización. Con estímulos cuya información de frecuencias medias y altas fue suficiente, la direccionalidad total tuvo un pequeño efecto positivo para la localización frente/atrás, pero un efecto negativo en la localización izquierda/derecha. La direccionalidad parcial mejoró adicionalmente la localización frente/atrás pero no tuvo un efecto significativo en la localización izquierda/derecha. La prueba de campo no mostró efectos significativos. Las claves espectrales alternativas proporcionadas por la direccionalidad frecuencia-dependiente, mejoraron la localización frente/atrás en usuarios de auxiliares auditivos.

Acknowledgements

This study was sponsored by Siemens Instruments, Germany. While the test protocol was devised by Siemens and NAL in collaboration, the interpretation of the data as presented in this paper is that of NAL. We would like to thank Harvey Dillon for instructive discussions during the planning of this study and for his comments on an earlier version of this paper. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. Preliminary data analyses were presented at the Audiology Australia 18th National Conference in Canberra, May, 2008, the International Congress of Audiology in Hong Kong, June, 2008, and the New Zealand Audiological Society 32nd Annual Conference, July, 2008.

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