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Abstract
Abstract
As part of a population-based study in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, we estimated the 10-year cumulative incidence of tinnitus and its risk factors. Participants (n = 2922, aged 48–92 years) not reporting tinnitus at baseline (1993–1995) were followed for up to ten years. In addition to audiometric testing and anthropometric measures, data on tinnitus, health, and other history were obtained via questionnaire. Potential risk factors were assessed with discrete-time proportional hazards models. The 10-year cumulative incidence of tinnitus was 12.7%. The risk of developing tinnitus was significantly associated with: history of arthritis (hazard ratio (HR = 1.37), history of head injury (HR = 1.76), history of ever smoking (HR = 1.40), and among women, hearing loss (HR = 2.59). Alcohol consumption (HR = 0.63 for ≥ 141 grams/week vs. <15 grams/week), age (among women, HR = 0.90 for each five-year increase in age), and among men, obesity (HR = 0.55), were associated with decreased risk. The risk of developing tinnitus was high for older adults, and associated with modifiable health and behavioral factors.
Sumario
Como parte de un estudio poblacional en Beaver Dam, Winsconsin, estimamos la incidencia acumulada en 10 años de acúfeno y de sus factores de riesgo. Los participantes (n=2922, edades 48 a 92 años) no reportaban acúfeno al inicio (1993–1995) y fueron seguidos hasta 10 años. Además de las pruebas audiométricas y las mediciones antropométricas, se obtuvieron datos sobre el acúfeno, la salud y otros datos por medio de un cuestionario. Se evaluaron factores de riesgo potenciales por medio de modelos proporcionales de discreción/tiempo. La incidencia acumulada de acúfeno fue de 12.7%. El riesgo de desarrollar acúfeno fue asociado significativamente con: historia de artritis (riesgo peligroso (HR = 1.37), historia de golpes en la cabeza (HR=1.76), historia de haber fumado (HR=1.40) y entre las mujeres, hipoacusia (HR=2.59). Consumo de alcohol (HR=0.63 con ≥141 gramos/semana vs <15 gramos/semana), edad (entre las mujeres HR = 0.90 por cada incremento de edad de cinco años) y entre los hombres (obesidad (HR=0.55), se asociaron con incremento en el riesgo. El riesgo de para desarrollar acúfeno fue alto para adultos mayores, y se asoció con factores de comportamiento y de salud modificables.
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Acknowledgements
Presented in part at the American Auditory Society Annual Meeting, Scottsdale, Arizona, March 6–8, 2008. This research was supported by National Institutes of Health grants AG11099 (KJC) and EY06594 (RK, BEKK).
Declaration of interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest pertaining to this work.