Pseudo-Meconium Ileus Due to Cytomegalovirus Infection: A Report of Three Cases

Abstract

We observed three cases of antenatal ileus associated with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection of the fetus and placenta. Two were detected antenatally because of increased echogenicity of the lower abdomen. In the first fetus, the ileus was associated with abnormalities of amniotic fluid enzymes but it was transient and not present at autopsy and the CMV infection was mild, without inflammatory infiltration or necrosis. In the two others, the ileus persisted and CMV-associated lesions were severe. In all three cases the virus was demonstrable in ganglion cells or within myenteric and submucosal plexuses all along the small and large intestine; ileus was imputed to CMV, which caused a paralytic ileus, and in one fetus meconium ileus was also present. A transient episode of ileus does not indicate that the fetus is free of disease and a wide range of causes must be considered, including CMV infection as well as the more usual causes such as cystic fibrosis (CF) and Hirschsprung's disease.

Key Words:

• ileus
• cytomegalovirus
• meconium ileus
• ganglioneuritis
• fetus
• gastrointestinal system
• antenatal diagnosis