Thallium Poisoning - Toxin Elimination and Therapy in Three Cases

Abstract

Three cases of thallium poisoning occurred within the same family after eating a meal of poisoned sour milk. The 58 year old mother died after four days cardiovascular insufficiency. Massive thallium concentrations were found in blood, urine, liver and kidney. The 59 year old father presented after four days with a neurology typical for classic thallotoxicosis with potentially lethal blood thallium levels. This patient recovered after therapy including Prussian Blue, forced diuresis and two six hour hemoperfusions with a charcoal column. Urinary elimination of thallium over two weeks was almost 300 mg, whereas a maximum total of 63 mg were removed with hemoperfusion. A retrospective estimate of the total dose ingested and the large distribution volume of thallium suggest that hemoperfusion did not affect the course of the intoxication. The 28 year old son, later convicted for homicide, was admitted on the tenth day after the meal with very discrete neurological symptoms. This patient had low blood and urine thallium levels. He recovered uneventfully after treatment with Prussian Blue and forced diuresis. However, both surviving patients developed alopecia after two weeks. All three patients had raised liver transaminases. Intensive therapy with gut decontamination, Prussian Blue and forced diuresis should be the mainstay of therapy.