Gender differences in antidepressant use-related seasonality change in suicide mortality in Hungary, 1998–2006

Abstract

Objectives. Studies show that the seasonality of suicide (spring/early summer peak, winter low) is mainly the consequence of the seasonal incidence of depression-related suicides. The aim of the present study was to analyse the relationship between increasing antidepressant utilization and national suicide rate of Hungary between 1998 and 2006, with particular regard to seasonal patterns and gender differences. Methods. Time trend analysis (ARIMA) had been applied to investigate the correlation between the trend of antidepressant prescription and both of suicide rates and seasonality index. Results. During the 9 years of the study period there was a significant (P<0.001) correlation between the steadily increasing antidepressant prescription (113%) and continuous decline in total national suicide rate (23%) as well as both in females and males (21 and 23%, respectively), but this relationship was 8-fold stronger in males. Increasing antidepressant utilization was associated with significantly decreased seasonality of suicides only among males. Conclusions. The results suggest that decreasing seasonality of suicides could be a good marker of lowering rate of depression-related suicides in the population particularly among males.

Key words::

• Antidepressants
• gender
• suicide
• suicide rates
• seasonality

Acknowledgements

None.

Statement of interest

There was no funding received for the work described. Dr. Rihmer is a member of the speakers bureaus or advisory boards of AstraZeneca, BMS, Egis, GSK, Lundbeck, Lilly, Organon, Pfizer, Richter, Schering-Plough, Sanofi-Aventis and Servier. Dr. Gonda has received travel grants from Richter, GSK, Lilly, Krka, Organon and Schering-Plough. The other authors report no competing interests.