Selective autoretroperfusion preserves myocardial function during coronary artery ligation in swine

Abstract

Background: External pumps have been previously used to minimize edema and hemorrhage caused by coronary retroperfusion. The objective of this study was to use a pump-less approach (selective autoretroperfusion, SARP) to preserve myocardial function after acute coronary artery ligation.

Methods: In five experimental pigs, the LAD artery was ligated distal to the first diagonal and retroperfusion was instituted for three hours from a brachiocephalic artery at 50 mmHg pressure through an adjustable occluder on the cannula. In eight control pigs, the LAD artery was ligated distal to the second diagonal for the same duration with no SARP.

Results: ECG showed more prominent S-T segment elevation in the untreated control group despite the more distal ligation. The degree of myocardial contraction was significantly attenuated in the control group but was largely preserved in the SARP treated group. The myocytes were well preserved in the SARP group with no rupture of venous microvessels. Myocyte edema and disruption was observed in the control group with only mild extracellular edema in the SARP treated group.

Conclusion: SARP preserved myocardial function with no damage to the myocyte and venules during three hours of acute LAD ligation.

Keywords::

• Retrograde perfusion
• retroperfusion
• myocardial ischemia
• coronary veins
• myocardial function

Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank Mr Victor Tomasi, Ms Ana Chiaro and Ms Laura Krieger for their excellent technical expertise in histological processing. This research was supported by RetroP, Inc.

Declaration of interest: G. S. Kassab is the founder of RetroP, Inc.