Clinical analysis and outcomes of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with demyelinating polyneuropathy

Abstract

Abnormalities of both motor and sensory nerve action potentials, similar to those found in demyelinating polyneuropathy, may occur in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We analyzed the clinical features of unusual ALS patients with demyelinating polyneuropathy (DPN) to delineate the characteristics and outcomes of this rare condition. We reviewed three ALS patients with DPN who were confirmed to meet the electrophysiological nerve conduction criteria for DPN among 157 patients with ALS. At the initial neurological examination, one patient had both subjective sensory symptoms and abnormal results of sensory examinations, and one patient had sensory symptoms. Motor weakness of the limbs was present in all patients, and fasciculation was present in two patients. Anti-GalNAc-GD1a IgG antibodies were evident in one. Sural nerve biopsy showed a moderate, marginal reduction in myelin thickness, and teased fiber analysis revealed segmental demyelination and remyelination, but axonal degeneration was found in one patient. The mean interval from disease onset to respiratory failure or death in our three patients and seven previously documented ALS patients with DPN was 43.1 ± 18.7 months. Our findings suggest that survival in ALS with DPN is similar to that in classic ALS.

Key words::

• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
• sensory symptom
• demyelinating neuropathy
• polyneuropathy
• prognosis

Acknowledgements

We thank Mieko Ogino (Department of Neurology, Kitasato University School of Medicine) for measuring antimyelin-associated glycoprotein antibodies.

Declaration of interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.