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Research Article

Persons with multiple disabilities select environmental stimuli through a smile response monitored via camera-based technology

, , , , , , & show all
Pages 267-273 | Received 20 Apr 2011, Accepted 26 Apr 2011, Published online: 02 Aug 2011
 

Abstract

Objective: To assess whether two persons with multiple disabilities could use smile expressions and new camera-based microswitch technology to select environmental stimuli.

Method: Within each session, a computer system provided samples/reminders of preferred and non-preferred stimuli. The camera-based microswitch determined whether the participants had smile expressions in relation to those samples. If they did, stimuli matching the specific samples to which they responded were presented for 20 seconds.

Results: The smile expression could be profitably used by the participants who managed to select means of ∼70% or 75% of the preferred stimulus opportunities made available by the environment while avoiding almost all the non-preferred stimulus opportunities.

Conclusion: Smile expressions (a) might be an effective and rapid means for selecting preferred stimulation and (b) might develop into cognitively more elaborate forms of responding through the learning experience (i.e. their consistent association with positive/reinforcing consequences).

Objetivos: Valorar si dos personas con múltiples discapacidades pueden usar sonrisas y una nueva cámara basada en tecnología con microinterruptores para seleccionar el estímulo ambiental.

Métodos: En cada sesión, un sistema de cómputo proporcionó muestras/recordatorios de estímulos preferentes y no preferentes. La cámara basada en un microinterruptor determinaba si los participantes sonreían en relación a esas muestras, si lo hacían, se emparejaba el estímulo con la muestra específica en los cuales la respuesta se presentaba por 20 segundos.

Resultados: La sonrisa puede ser usada provechosamente por los participantes quienes seleccionaron en promedio 70% o 75% de los estímulos preferentes proporcionados por el medio mientras que rechazaron casi todos los estímulos no preferentes.

Conclusión: La sonrisa a) puede ser una efectiva y rápida forma de seleccionar estímulos preferentes y b) puede desarrollar por añadidura cognitivamente formas de respuestas más elaboradas a través del aprendizaje empírico (por ejemplo: su fuerte asociación con consecuencias positivas/reforzamiento).

Palabras clave: cámara basada en microinterruptor, tecnología de computo, sonrisa, discapacidades múltiples, elección

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