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Review Articles

Intervention strategies for spatial orientation disorders in dementia: A selective review

, , , , , & show all
Pages 200-209 | Received 05 Nov 2012, Accepted 11 Nov 2012, Published online: 08 Oct 2013
 

Abstract

Purpose: This article provides a brief overview of the intervention strategies aimed at reducing spatial orientation disorders in elderly people with dementia.

Methods: Eight experimental studies using spatial cues, assistive technology programs, reality orientation training, errorless learning technique, and backward chaining programs are described. They can be classified into two main approaches: restorative and compensatory, depending on whether they rely or not on residual learning ability, respectively.

Results: A review of the efficacy of these intervention strategies is proposed. Results suggest that both compensatory and restorative approaches may be valuable in enhancing correct way-finding behavior, with various degrees of effectiveness. Some issues concerning (a) variability in participants’ characteristics and experimental designs and (b) practicality of intervention strategies do not permit to draw a definite conclusion.

Conclusions: Future research should be aimed at a direct comparison between these two strategies, and should incorporate an extensive neuropsychological assessment of spatial domain.

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