Genetic variation between two Tibetan macaque (Macaca thibetana) populations in the eastern China based on mitochondrial DNA control region sequences

Abstract

Tibetan macaque (Macaca thibetana) is a threatened primate species endemic to China. Population genetic and phylogenetic analyses were conducted in 66 Tibetan individuals from Sichuan (SC), Huangshan (HS), and Fujian (FJ) based on a 477-bp fragment of mitochondrial DNA control region. Four new haplotypes were defined, and a relatively high level of genetic diversity was first observed in FJ populations (Hd = 0.7661). Notably, a continuous approximately 10 bp-fragment deletion was observed near the 5′ end of the mtDNA control region of both HS and FJ populations when compared with that of SC population, and a sharing haplotype was found between the two populations, revealing a closer genetic relationship. However, significant genetic differentiation (F_ST = 0.8700) and more poor gene exchange (Nm < 1) had occurred among three populations. This study mainly provide a further insight into the genetic relationship between HS and FJ Tibetan macaque populations, but it may be necessary to carry out further study with extra samples from other locations in the geographic coverage of the two subspecies (M. thibetana pullus and M. thibetana huangshanensis).

Keywords::

• Genetic variation
• genetic diversity
• Macaca thibetana
• mitochondrial DNA
• Huangshan Mountains

Acknowledgements

We thank the Administrative Bureau of Wuyishan National Nature Reserve in Fujian Province and Administration Bureau of Wuyanling National Nature Reserve in Zhejiang Province for their supports, and Zhenghua Zhou, Fangdong Zheng, and Han Lin for their field assistance.

Declaration of interest: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30970383), Natural Science Foundation of Educational Commission of Sichuan Province of China (No. 08ZA076), and Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (No. IRTO848). The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.