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Abstract
Recent literature concerning the failure of many laryngectomees to develop oesophageal speech has been reviewed. Material has been obtained from a wide variety of sources, and physiological, surgical and psychosocial factors have been discussed. No one factor has been found to account for the high failure rate. Explanations for some of the literature's conflicting results have been provided. The need to research further in certain areas, to investigate individual reasons for failure and to take account of the inter-relationship between the factors, has also been stressed.