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Abstract
Formulas are developed expressing the diurnal and “synoptic” variance of surface temperature as functions of the climatological mean atmospheric state and the intrinsic properties of the earth's surface. Included in the development is a simplified parameterization of the vertical sensible heat flux due to small scale convection, and a parameterization of the mean water vapor distribution which enters in the representation of the long-wave radiative flux. The formulas are applied to northern hemisphere conditions in January and July, and are shown to yield reasonable distributions of these variances.