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Abstract
The behaviour of 12 pesticides used in the treatment of a variety of apples in areal conditions from a Romanian orchard is studied, considering recommended dosages, different stages of fruit development, environmental and atmospheric conditions. Five treatments were applied in recommended dosage considering the phenological growth phases, at 23 days intervals between treatments. Pesticides degraded quickly in apples during the first days, when 30–50% from the initial concentration is lost. Pesticides residues at harvesting were below the Maximum Residue Level (MRL) in European Union, excepting tebuconazole and chlorothalonil. The estimated lifetime exposure dose was calculated based on pesticide concentrations in apples at harvesting, and average fruit consumption of 197.08 g/ person/day in EU-27 during 2011. These doses for adults and children were below the reference dose (RfD) for each pesticide, suggesting a negligible risks for consumers. Hazard indices below 1 demonstrate that the studied pesticides do not generate health risks to humans.
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Notes on contributors
Manuela Olga Pogăcean
Manuela Olga POGĂCEAN. Dr, Researcher at Plant Protection Agency Mureş (Romania). PhD in Chemical Engineering since 2013 from Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Romania. Research interests: plant protection, environmental risk assessment and management, pesticides degradation in fruits and vegetables.
Raluca Maria Hlihor
Raluca-Maria HLIHOR. Dr, Researcher at Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi. PhD (Chemical Engineering 2011), Master's degree (Environmental Engineering and Management 2009), Bachelor's degree (Environmental Engineering 2008), all from Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Romania. Research interests: biosorption and bioaccumulation of persistent pollutants from aqueous solutions, bioremediation of soils polluted with persistent pollutants, human health risk assessment, pesticides degradation in fruits and vegetables.
Maria Gavrilescu
Maria GAVRILESCU. Professor at the Department of Environmental Engineering and Management of the “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, Romania, where she teaches courses in Chemical and Biological Process Engineering, Process Synthesis and Analysis, Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control, Sustainable Industrial Production and Environmental Risk Assessment and Management. She has published numerous books and articles in the fields of chemical and environmental engineering, pharmaceutical and environmental biotechnology, pollution prevention and cleaner production, risk assessment and management, which include over 400 titles.