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abstract
This paper presents a well-controlled laboratory experimental study to evaluate wave attenuation by artifi- cial emergent plants (Phragmites australis) under different wave conditions and plant stem densities. Results showed substantial wave damping under investigated regular and irregular wave conditions and also the different rates of wave height and within canopy wave-induced flows as they travelled through the vegetated field under all tested conditions. The wave height decreased by 6%–25% at the insertion of the vegetation field and towards the downstream at a mean of 0.2 cm and 0.32 cm for regular and irregular waves respectively. The significant wave height along the vegetation field ranged from 0.89–1.76 cm and 0.8–1.28 cm with time mean height of 1.38 cm and 1.11 cm respectively for regu- lar and irregular waves. This patterns as affected by plant density and also location from the leading edge of vegetation is investigated in the study. The wave energy attenuated by plant induced friction was predicted in terms of energy dissipation factor (fe) by Nielsen's (1992) empirical model. Shear stress as a driving force of particle resuspension and the implication of the wave attenuation on near shore protection from erosion and sedimentation was discussed. The results and findings in this study will advance our understanding of wave attenuation by an emergent vegetation of Phragmites australis, in water system engineering like near shore and bank protection and restoration projects and also be employed for management purposes to reduce resuspension and erosion in shallow lakes.
Additional information
Li YIPING is an Associate professor at the College of Environment, Hohai University, China and the director of the Department of Environmental Engineering. He received his PhD in Environmental engineering from Hohai University, China in 2006. His research involves lake ecosystems and numerical models. He is especially interested in the whole pro- cess of hydrologic cycle and contaminant transport among land, surface water and groundwater and water environment protection. His present research is focused on the integrated watershed model linking hydrodynamic, water quality, optical, marine science and ecological models. He has published more than 50 peer-reviewed scientific articles in high impact journals and presented his work at international conferences.
Desmond Ofosu ANIM is a current postgraduate researcher (Environmental Engineering) at the College of Environment, Hohai University, China. Research interests include water environment protection, water pollution control, ecohydrol- ogy, storm water management. He is an author and co-author to over 15 scientific articles in high impact peer-reviewed journals and also presented his work at international conferences.
Ying WANG is a researcher at the Fujian Provincial Investigation, Design and Research Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydropower, China. She holds a Master's degree in Environmental engineering, Hohai University. Research interests include water resources management, environmental pollution control. She is an author and co-author to over 10 scientific articles in high impact peer-reviewed journals.
Chunyang TANG is a current PhD fellow (Environmental Science) at the College of Environment, Hohai University, China. Research interests include water environment protection, water pollution control, lake management, water re- sources hydrodynamic modeling. She is an author and co-author to over 20 scientific articles in high impact peer-reviewed journals. Tang has presented her works at various international conferences.
Wei DU is a current PhD fellow (Environmental Engineering) at the College of Environment, Hohai University, China. Research interests include water resources protection, water pollution control, river and lake hydrodynamic modeling. She is an author and co-author to over 7 scientific articles in high impact peer-reviewed journals.
Ni LIXIAO is currently an Associate professor at the College of Environment, Hohai University, China. She received her Ph.D degree from Nanjing University, China in 2004. Her research interests involve wastewater treatment and restoration of the aquatic ecosystems. She is especially interested in the algae control and wastewater treatment with constructed wetland. She is an author and co-author to over 30 scientific articles in high impact peer-reviewed journals.
Zhongbo YU, Professor, is currently the Dean of the College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, China and also a professor of Hydrogeology and Hydrology at the Department of Geoscience, University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Zhongbo Yu has conducted research on development and application of distributed hydrologic models for hydrol- ogy and climate studies; characterization and evaluation of surface water, groundwater, and groundwater contamination; multiphase and multicomponent transport in saturated and unsaturated porous media; image processing and computing visualization. His current studies include the distributed modeling of hydrologic response to atmospheric forcing in the Susquehanna river basin, field monitoring and numerical modeling of dynamic hydrologic processes in small watersheds, and interactions among atmosphere, land surface, and groundwater. He is an author and co-author to over 200 scientific articles in high impact peer-reviewed journals and also serve as both editor and reviewer to various scientific journals. He has given presentation and lecture at various international conferences and workshops.
Kumud ACHARYA is a research professor of ecological engineering at the Division of Hydrologic Sciences, Desert Re- search Institute, Las Vegas. He hold PhD degree in Biology and Environmental Science, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan. His research interests include water quality, environmental restoration, invasive species, hydrology, eco-hydrology, nutrient cycling, wastewater treatment systems, groundwater management, and ecological modeling. His specific studies involve observational and experimental studies at various scales, including laboratory cultures (zooplankton, algal chemostats), short-term field experiments and sustained whole-ecosystem manipulations. He is an author and co-author to over 150 scientific articles in high impact peer-reviewed journals and also serve as both editor and reviewer to various scientific journals, such as Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, Journal of the American Water Resources Association and so on. He has given presentation and lecture at various international conferences and workshops.
Li CHEN is an Associate Research Professor at the Division of Hydrologic Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Las Vegas. He hold PhD degree in Fluid Mechanics, Chinese Academy of. Research interests include water movement and water- initiated material transport in surface and shallow ground environment that include dynamics and numerical modeling of rainfall-infiltration-runoff process; sediment transport monitoring and modeling in natural water body; hydrodynamic and contaminant transport modeling in near surface water system; soil erosion dynamics and geomorphologic evolution. He is an author and co-author to over 60 scientific articles in high impact peer-reviewed journals.