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Abstract
The paper describes a construction impact on the environment, people and their health, taking into account its subsequence. The authors offer an optimal way of building construction in order to satisfy the environmental control standards and impact on the environment. There are a few criteria of ecological materials compared with conventional materials. The aim of this investigation is to develop approach of building project ranking. The paper deals with analysis of the construction alternatives of one‐flat dwelling houses. A few alternatives are given about how to choose an optimal project. The impact of construction on the environment is discussed. Analysis is performed taking into account building life‐cycle impact on the environment, its financial and social conditions. The investigation includes pollution of building material production, construction processes, taking into account building longevity, price, running cost and utilization input of energy. Multicriteria assessment of the alternatives is made, considering impact not only on humans, but also on the environment. According to the described environmental, financial and qualitative criteria and by the assistance of newly‐developed multicriteria method SAW‐G, it was calculated, that a blockhouse, made mostly of wood‐based materials with the result of 0.303 is by 6.6% a better alternative than a wood‐frame building with the result of 0.286, made from wood‐based and mineral‐based materials, and the worst result of 0.280 was in a building from traditional bricks (a wood‐based house is by 7.5% better than a brick house). AHP approach and SAW‐G method are useful tools to help support a decision in convention site selection.
Santrauka
Aprašomas statybos darbu padariniu poveikis aplinkai, žmonems ir ju sveikatai. Autoriai siūlo optimalu varianta iš pateiktu statybos projektu, atitinkančiu aplinkos apsaugos reikalavimus. Pateikti ekologišku statybiniu medžiagu kriterijai, palyginti su tradiciniu medžiagu kriterijais. Šio tyrimo tikslas yra sukurti statybos proceso klasifikavimo eile, atsižvelgiant i ekonominius ir aplinkos apsaugos aspektus. Nagrinejamos vienbučio gyvenamojo namo statybos alternatyvos. Pateiktos kelios alternatyvos, kaip parinkti optimalu projekto varianta. Aptartas gamybos darbu ir statybos poveikis aplinkai. Analize atliekama atsižvelgiant i statybos gyvavimo ciklo poveiki aplinkai, finansines bei socialines aplinkybes. Tyrimas apima tarša statybiniu medžiagu gamybos procese bei vykstant statybos procesui. Vertinama pastato ilgaamžiškumas, kaina, eksploatavimo išlaidos bei utilizacijos procesui suvartojama energija. Atliktas šiu alternatyvu daugiakriterinis ivertinimas, apibrežiant ju nauda ne tik žmonems, bet ir aplinkai. Remiantis straipsnyje aprašytais aplinkos apsaugos, finansiniais ir kokybiniais kriterijais, nauju daugiakriteriniu SAW‐G metodu buvo apskaičiuota, kad blokinis namas, pastatytas naudojant daugiausia medienos medžiagas (rezultatas 0,303), yra 6,6 % geresnis už nama (rezultatas 0,2860), pastatyta iš medinio karkaso ir naudojant mineralines bei medienos medžiagas, o blogiausias rezultatas ‐ tai namas iš tradicinio plytu mūro (rezultatas 0,280) (medinis namas yra 7,5 % geresnis už mūrini). AHP ir SAW‐G metodai yra tinkami tokiems uždaviniams spresti.
