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Review Articles

Standard methods for instrumental insemination of Apis mellifera queens

Métodos estándar para la inseminación artificial de reinas de Apis mellifera

西方蜜蜂蜂王人工授精的标准方法

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Pages 1-18 | Received 01 Mar 2012, Accepted 05 Jun 2013, Published online: 02 Apr 2015
 

Summary

Honey bee queens are highly polyandrous and mate in flight. Instrumental insemination is an essential tool that provides complete control of honey bee mating for research and breeding purposes. The technique requires specialized equipment to anesthetize and immobilize the queen and to collect and deliver semen from the drones. Semen is harvested from mature drones by hand eversion of the endophallus and collected into a syringe. The queen is placed in a chamber and anesthetized during the procedure of insertion of semen into the oviducts. Queens are introduced into colonies and their performance can equal to that of naturally mated queens, given proper technique and care.

Resumen

Las reinas de las abejas melíferas presentan un elevado grado de poliandria y se aparean durante el vuelo. La inseminación artificial es una herramienta esencial que proporciona un control completo del apareamiento de las abejas con fines de investigación y de cría. La técnica requiere de un equipo especializado para anestesiar e inmovilizar a la reina y para colectar y administrar el semen de los zánganos. El semen se obtiene de zánganos maduros por eversión manual del endofalo y se recoge en una jeringa. La reina se coloca en una cámara y se mantiene anestesiada durante el proceso de inserción del semen en los oviductos. Las reinas se introducen en las colonias y su rendimiento puede ser igual al de las reinas que se aparearon de forma natural, si se realiza la técnica y se da la atención adecuada.

摘要

蜂王高度多雄交配并在飞行时交尾。人工授精是在科研和育种中完全控制蜜蜂交尾的必要手段。该技术需要专业化设备来麻醉和固定蜂王,以及收集和释放雄蜂精液。精液需通过手工外翻成熟雄蜂的内阴茎采集,并收集到注射器中。蜂王放置于操作室,并在精液注入输卵管过程中处于麻醉状态。若给予适当的技术和护理,人工授精蜂王介绍到蜂群后的表现可与自然交尾蜂王等同。

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