Why did Japan fall short of the short-term biofuel introduction target?

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Acknowledgements

The author would like to acknowledge M Elder and D Sano for providing comments on the draft.

Financial & competing interests disclosure

This commentary draws on the results from the research project on ‘Biofuel use strategies for sustainable development’ supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (E-0802) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan. However, the views expressed here are of the author and are not attributed to the funder or Institute for Global Environmental Strategies. The author has no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed. No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.