Synthesis, Density Functional Theory and Kinetic Studies of Aminopyridine Based α-glucosidase Inhibitors

Abstract

Aims: The current study aimed to develop new thiourea derivatives as potential α-glucosidase inhibitors for the management of hyperglycemia in patients of Type 2 diabetes, with a focus on identifying safer and more effective antidiabetic agents. Materials & methods: New thiourea derivatives (1–16) were synthesized through single-step chemical transformation and evaluated for in vitro α-glucosidase inhibition. Kinetic studies identified the mode of inhibition, free energy and type of interactions were analyzed through density functional theory and molecular docking. Results & conclusion: Compound 5 was identified as the most potent, noncompetitive and noncytotoxic inhibitor of α-glucosidase enzyme with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 24.62 ± 0.94 μM. Computational studies reinforce experimental results, demonstrating significant enzyme interactions via hydrophobic and π–π stacking forces.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords:

• 2-amino-5-(trifluoromethyl) pyridine
• 2-aminopyridine
• α-glucosidase
• cytotoxicity
• diabetes

Supplementary data

To view the supplementary data that accompany this paper please visit the journal website at:www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.2217/epi-2016-0184

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Kiran Fida, who is in charge of the cell culture facility, for conducting the cytotoxicity assay.

Financial disclosure

The authors acknowledge the financial support of the International Foundation for Science to H Siddiqui (grant no. I-1-F-5674-2) under the individual research grant program. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

Competing interests disclosure

The authors have no competing interests or relevant affiliations with any organization or entity with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.

Writing disclosure

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.