Histological Effects of Pharmacologically Active Human Bile Acid nano/micro-particles in Type-1 Diabetes

Abstract

Aim: Gliclazide (G) is a drug prescribed for Type 2 diabetics, although recent studies suggest it has desirable effects in both types of diabetes, Type 1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes. G has an inconsistent absorption due to poor formulation and bile acids (BAs) have shown significant promise in drug formulation optimization. Hence, the study aimed to examine G effects on histopathological, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects when encapsulated with BAs. Materials & methods: Rats were randomized into eight groups, of which seven were made Type 1 diabetes and treated with various BA-based treatments. Tissue histopathology, inflammation and the bile acid profile were analyzed. Results & conclusion: G capsules showed no histological but the most anti-inflammatory effects, which suggest significant beneficial effects in diabetes treatment.

Keywords:

• bile acid profile
• inflammatory profile
• nanoparticles
• sulphonylureas
• Type 1 diabetes

Author contributions

S Mathavan, M Mikov, S Golocorbin-Kon and H Al-Salami for concept and design of the project. S Mathavan, CM Ionescu, B Kovacevic, A Mooranian, CR Dass and H Al-Salami performed analysis and interpretation of research data. S Mathavan, CM Ionescu, B Kovacevic, M Mikov, S Golocorbin-Kon, A Mooranian, CR Dass and H Al-Salami drafted significant parts of the work or critically revising it. S Mathavan, CM Ionescu, C Dass, and H Al-Salami added significant contribution to data interpretation and presentation resulting in significant improvement of quality. S Mathavan, CM Ionescu, B Kovacevic, M Mikov, S Golocorbin-Kon, and H Al-Salami provided data or analytical skills.

Financial & competing interests disclosure

The European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 872370. The corresponding author has been and is currently receiving of funding from Beijing Nat-Med Biotechnology Co., Ltd. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.

Ethical conduct of research

The Animal Ethics Committee at Curtin University approved the study and all experiments were performed according to the Australian Code of Practice for the care and use of animals for scientific purposes. The authors state that they have obtained appropriate institutional review board approval or have followed the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki for all human or animal experimental investigations. In addition, for investigations involving human subjects, informed consent has been obtained from the participants involved.