Ophthalmic nano-bioconjugates: Critical Challenges and Technological Advances

Abstract

Ophthalmic disease can cause permanent loss of vision and blindness. Easy-to-administer topical and systemic treatments are preferred for treating sight-threatening disorders. Typical ocular anatomy makes topical and systemic ophthalmic drug delivery challenging. Various novel nano-drug delivery approaches are developed to attain the desired bioavailability in the eye by increasing residence time and improved permeability across the cornea. The review focuses on novel methods that are biocompatible, safe and highly therapeutic. Novelty in nanocarrier design and modification can overcome their drawbacks and make them potential drug carriers for eye disorders in both the anterior and posterior eye segments. This review briefly discussed technologies, patented developments, and clinical trial data to support nanocarriers' use in ocular drug delivery.

Graphical abstract

Keywords:

• clinical trials
• nanocarriers
• nanotechnology
• ocular drug delivery
• patents

Supplementary data

To view the supplementary data that accompany this paper please visit the journal website at:www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.2217/epi-2016-0184

Author contributions

SN Sanap & AC Bisen: Reviewed the literature, drawn figures, drafted, edited, and proof-read the manuscript. S Agrawal and A Kedar: Written some topics, drawn figures, editing and proof-reading. RS Bhatta: Guided in the content-making and reviewed the manuscript.

Financial & competing interests disclosure

The authors' SN Sanap, AC Bisen and S Agrawal are grateful for receiving Senior Research Fellowship grant from the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi. The CSIR – Central Drug Research Institute, communication number is 10630. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.