Influence of poly-L-ornithine-bile Acid Nano Hydrogels on Cellular Bioactivity and Potential Pharmacological Applications

Abstract

Aim: Cellular bioactivity and pathophysiological changes associated with chronic disorders are considered pivotal detrimental factors when developing novel formulations for biomedical applications. Methods: This paper investigates the use of bile acids and synthetic polypeptide poly-L-ornithine (PLO) in formulations and their impacts on a variety of cell lines, with a particular focus on their cellular bioactivity. Results: The hepatic cell line was the most negatively affected by the presence of PLO, while the muscle and beta-pancreatic cell lines did not show as profound of a negative impact of PLO on cellular viability. PLO was the least disruptive regarding mitochondrial function for muscle and beta cells. Conclusion: The addition of bile acids generally decreased mitochondrial respiration and altered bioenergetic parameters in all cell lines.

Plain language summary

In our study, we made special gels using two kinds of materials and different acids found in bile. We wanted to see how these gels affected different cells like muscles, liver and pancreatic beta cells. The gels we made had good traits needed for injections. Liver cells didn't enjoy the new materials very much. Adding bile acids to the materials changed how the cells acted for all cell types we looked at.

Keywords:

• bile acid
• biocompatibility
• bioenergetics
• hepatic cells
• muscle cells
• pancreatic beta cells
• poloxamer 407
• poly-L-ornithine

Author contributions

B Kovacevic: conception and design of the project; analysis and interpretation of research data; drafting significant parts of the work or critically revising it, which contributes to the interpretation; significant contribution to data interpretation and presentation resulting in significant improvement of quality; providing data or analytical skills, which add significantly to the design, quality and readability of the work. M Jones: analysis and interpretation of research data; drafting significant parts of the work or critically revising it, which contributes to the interpretation; significant contribution to data interpretation and presentation resulting in significant improvement of quality; providing data or analytical skills, which add significantly to the design, quality and readability of the work. SR Wagle: analysis and interpretation of research data; drafting significant parts of the work or critically revising it, which contributes to the interpretation; significant contribution to data interpretation and presentation resulting in significant improvement of quality; providing data or analytical skills, which add significantly to the design, quality and readability of the work. CM Ionescu: Analysis and interpretation of research data; Drafting significant parts of the work or critically revising it, which contributes to the interpretation; significant contribution to data interpretation and presentation resulting in significant improvement of quality; Providing data or analytical skills, which add significantly to the design, quality and readability of the work. T Foster: analysis and interpretation of research data; drafting significant parts of the work or critically revising it, which contributes to the interpretation; significant contribution to data interpretation and presentation resulting in significant improvement of quality; providing data or analytical skills, which add significantly to the design, quality and readability of the work. M Đanić: analysis and interpretation of research data; drafting significant parts of the work or critically revising it, which contributes to the interpretation; significant contribution to data interpretation and presentation resulting in significant improvement of quality; providing data or analytical skills, which add significantly to the design, quality and readability of the work. M Mikov: analysis and interpretation of research data; drafting significant parts of the work or critically revising it, which contributes to the interpretation; significant contribution to data interpretation and presentation resulting in significant improvement of quality; providing data or analytical skills, which add significantly to the design, quality and readability of the work; funding acquisition. A Mooranian: conception and design of the project; analysis and interpretation of research data; drafting significant parts of the work or critically revising it, which contributes to the interpretation; significant contribution to data interpretation and presentation resulting in significant improvement of quality; providing data or analytical skills, which add significantly to the design, quality and readability of the work; funding acquisition; supervision. H Al-Salami: conception and design of the project; analysis and interpretation of research data; drafting significant parts of the work or critically revising it, which contributes to the interpretation; significant contribution to data interpretation and presentation resulting in significant improvement of quality; providing data or analytical skills, which add significantly to the design, quality and readability of the work; funding acquisition; supervision.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge the Australian Postgraduate Award (APA) and Curtin Research Scholarship (CRS).

Financial & competing interests disclosure

The work is partially supported by the European Union Horizon 2020 research project and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No 872370. Curtin Faculty ORS-WAHAI Consortium and the Australian National Health and Medical Research (APP9000597). H Al-Salami is a member of the Therapeutic Delivery Editorial Board. They were not involved in any editorial decisions related to the publication of this article, and all author details were blinded to the article's peer reviewers as per the journal's double-blind peer review policy. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.