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Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes benign and malignant infections of the anogenital tract. Cervical cancer, caused by high-risk HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 56 and 58, is the second most common cancer in women and the fifth most common cancer overall. Prevention and treatment of HPV infection may be revolutionized using nanotechnology tools such as vaccines based on virus-like particles and nanoscale drug-delivery systems. Advances in both virus-like particle design and noninvasive delivery of antiviral protein drugs, such as IFNα, may provide new opportunities to take on the challenge of global elimination of HPV infections. Biphasic vesicle cream formulation, representing a new class of dermal delivery system for protein drugs, is an alternative to injectable dosage form to deliver IFNα for the treatment of HPV infections, showing efficacy in low-grade squamous epithelical lesions of the cervix.
Financial & competing interests disclosure
M Foldvari thanks the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada for financial support. M Foldvari discloses financial interest in Helix BioPharma Inc. P Kumar is an employee of Helix BioPharma Inc., a biopharmaceutical company developing the Biphasix technology. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.
No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.