References
- SeeWalter F.BaberOrganizing the Future: Matrix Models for the Post-Industrial Polity1983University of Alabama PressUniversity, AL for a survey of published work on matrix organization through the early 1980s The discussion of matrix organization contained herein is derived primarily from that source.
- See alsoAnthony G.WhiteMatrix Management/Public Administration: A Selected Bibliography1982Vance BibliographiesMonticello, IL
- Robert V.BarlettWalter F.BaberMatrix Organization Theory and Environmental Impact Analysis: A Fertile Union?Natural Resources Journalvol. 27Summer 1987605615
- For further discussion of the conditions favoring matrix structures seeMarkLincoln ChadwinManaging Program Headquarters Units: The Importance of MatrixingPublic Administration Reviewvol. 43July-August 1983305314 Walter F. Baber, Organizing the Future: Matrix Models for the Post-Industrial Polity. (1983) University of Alabama Press. University, AL. 40–47.
- When viewed as an ideal type, the matrix model does not contain elements relating to various behaviors and attitudes commonly associated with project management. These are less elements of a definition than they are factors influencing the success of individual projects.
- Walter F.BaberOrganizing the Future: Matrix Models for the Post-Industrial Polity1983University of Alabama PressUniversity, AL3047
- Walter F.BaberOrganizing the Future: Matrix Models for the Post-Industrial Polity1983University of Alabama PressUniversity, AL5859
- Walter F.BaberOrganizing the Future: Matrix Models for the Post-Industrial Polity1983University of Alabama PressUniversity, AL48
- Walter F.BaberOrganizing the Future: Matrix Models for the Post-Industrial Polity1983University of Alabama PressUniversity, AL especially chapter 7
- An exception to this general statement can be found inC.E.TeaslyR.K.ReadyHuman Service Matrix: Managerial Problems and ProspectsPublic Administration Reviewvol. 41March–April 1981261267 See also Mary Ellen Simon, Matrix Management at the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Public Administration Review vol. 43 (July–August 1983) 357–361.
- Except in Bartlett and Baber, “Matrix Organization Theory and Environmental Impact Analysis.”
- Robert V.BartlettScience in the National Environmental Policy Act as Perceived by Agency Personnel: Organizational Arrangements, Personnel, and Bureaucratic ContraintsL.K.Caldwellet al.A Study of Ways to Improve the Scientific Content and Methodology of Environmental Impact Analysis1983National Information ServiceSpringfield, Virginia286292 83-222851
- JosephViterittiPolicy Analysis in the Bureaucracy: An Ad Hoc ApproachPublic Administration Reviewvol. 42September–October 1982466474
- Bartlett and Baber, “Matrix Organization Theory and Environmental Impact Analysis.”
- Robert V.BarlettWalter F.BaberMatrix Organization Theory and Environmental Impact Analysis: A Fertile Union?Natural Resources Journalvol. 27Summer 1987611612
- For more detailed discussion of whether EIS projects constitute settings conductive to the effective use of the matrix approach
- Robert V.BarlettWalter F.BaberMatrix Organization Theory and Environmental Impact Analysis: A Fertile Union?Natural Resources Journalvol. 27Summer 1987611612
- These offices fit very closely four of the five defining characteristics of a matrix organization. For the fifth, we can reasonably expect that in most cases two or more intersecting lines of authority were maintained to govern EIS project teams and personnel, but this may not have been true in every office. In addition to the specific responses to this question, overwhelming support for this inference can be found in an understanding of the legal and political requirements for the way environmental impact assessment must be done by federal agencies.
- SeeL.K.Caldwellet al.A Study of Ways to Improve the Scientific Content and Methodology of Environmental Impact Analysis1983National Technical Information ServiceSpringfield, Virginia286292 83-222851SergeTaylorMaking Bureaucracies Think: The Environmental Impact Statement Strategy of Administrative Reform1984Standford University PRessStanford, CA
- and Robert V. Bartlett, “Rationality and the Logic of the National Environmental Policy Act,” The Environmental Professional, vol. 8 (2), pp. 105–111.
- Jeanne NienaberClarkeDanielMcCoolStaking Out the Terrain: Power Differentials Among Natural Resource Management Agencies1985State University of New YorkAlbany
- Chadwin, “Managing Program Headquarters Units,” pp. 307, 309.
- For examples of this unconscious approach and the partial approximations of matrix organization it produces, seeWalter F.BaberOrganizing the Future1983University of Alabama PressUniversity, AL chapters 5 and 6
- Walter F.BaberOrganizing the Future1983University of Alabama PressUniversity, AL108
- TheoHaimannWilliamScottPatrickConnorManagement5th ed.1985Houghton MifflinBoston, MA279
- AndrewSzilagyiMarcWallaceOrganizational Behavior and Performance3rd ed.1983Scott, ForesmanGlenview, IL499
- StephenFinkR.Stephen JenksRobinWillitsDesigning and Managing Organizations1983Richard D. IrwinHomewood, IL80
- WarrenBrownDennisMobergOrganization Theory and Management1980John WileyNew York107
- This chilling observation is offered by, among othersB.J.HodgeWilliamAnthonyOrganization Theory2nd ed.1984Allyn and BaconBoston, MA451
- Among the more significant recent entries asDavidClelandWilliamKingProject Management Handbook1988Van Nostrand ReinholdNew YorkJ.David FrameManaging Projects in Organizations1987Jossey-BassSan Francisco Louis Goodman, Project Planning and Management. (1988) Van Nostrand Reinhold. New York. Arthur Stinchcombe, Carol Heimer, Organization Theory and Project Management. (1985) Norwegian University Press. Oxford. F.L. Harrison, Advanced Project Management. (1987) Gower Publishing. London.
- The outstanding example here is Bruce Baker, David Murphey, and Dalmar Fisher, “Factors Affecting Project Success,” in Cleland and King, Project Management Handbook, pp. 902–919.
- StanleyDavisPaulLawrenceMatrix1977Addison WesleyReading, MA3
- Bartlett and Baber, “Matrix Organization Theory and Environment Impact Analysi”.
- Although our findings and conclusions are not supportive of the claims of the scholarly (and not-so-scholarly) matrix organization literature, they do fit with a body of studies that have attempted to produce empirical evidence reflecting generally on participative, organizational humanist theories of organizational design. This group of theories, which, depending on one's perspective, either includes matrix theory or has much in common with it, makes many of the same claims as those examined here. Empirical investigation of those claims has so far produced a mixed picture. See a review of this literature in
- Nicholas P.LovrichThe Simon-Argyris Debate: Bounded Rationality Versus Self-Actualization Conceptions of Human NaturePublic Administration Quarterly12Winter 1989452483
- Baker, Murphey, and Fisher, “Factors Affecting Project Success,” p. 919.