Vulnerability to HIV/STIs among Rural Women from Migrant Communities in Nepal: A Health and Human Rights Framework

References

• S Gruskin, D Tarantola. Health and human rights. R Detels, J McEwen, R Beaglehole. Oxford Textbook of Public Health. 2002; Oxford University Press: Oxford, 311–335.
   Google Scholar
• JM Mann, D Tarantola. AIDS in the World. 1992; Harvard University Press: Cambridge.
   Google Scholar
• D Tarantola. Risk and vulnerability reduction in the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Current Issues in Public Health. 1: 1995; 176–179.
   Google Scholar
• J Mann, D Tarantola. AIDS in the World II: Global Dimensions, Social Roots, and Responses. 1996; Oxford University Press: Oxford, 441–476.
   Google Scholar
• S Gruskin, D Tarantola. HIV/AIDS, health and human rights. P Lamptey, H Gayle, P Mane. HIV/AIDS Prevention and Care Programs in Resource-Constrained Settings: A Handbook for the Design and Management of Programs. 2002; Family Health International: Arlington.
   Google Scholar
• The World Bank Annual Report 2000. At: 〈www.worldbank.org/html/extpb/annrep2000/pdf/appndx/wb_a6.pdf〉. Accessed 12 August 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2001. Calverton MD: Family Health Division, Department of Health Services Nepal/New ERA/ORC Macro, 2001.
   Google Scholar
• MP Shrestha, SL Mulmi. Health in Nepal: Realities and Challenges. 1997; Resource Centre for Primary Health Care: Kathmandu.
   Google Scholar
• J Chin. A Reassessment of the HIV/AIDS Situation in Nepal 1999. Family Health International Trip Report. October 1999; University of California Berkeley, School of Public Health: Kathmandu.
   Google Scholar
• Richoi Associates, Nagar A, Marga N. Situation Analysis of HIV/AIDS in Nepal. Final Draft. Teku, Kathmandu: National Centre for AIDS and STD Control, December 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Mills S, Basnet J, Gurubacharya V. The role of male integration in the spread of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in rural Nepal. (Submitted for publication 2003).
   Google Scholar
• BK Subedi. Seasonal migration in Western Nepal and its relation to HIV transmission. 1993Cited in [10]
   Google Scholar
• Poudel K, Okumura J, Wakai S, et al. HIV/STIs risk behaviors among migrants and non-migrants in Doti District. Melbourne: Proceedings of the Monitoring of the AIDS Pandemic Network, 4 October 2001. At: 〈http://www.thebody.com/unaids/pdfs/asia_trends.pdf〉. Accessed 25 March 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Smith-Estelle A. Sexually transmitted infections among rural women in Nepal: using epidemiology and human rights to address an emerging epidemic. DSc dissertation, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, 2003.
   Google Scholar
• National Center for AIDS and STD Control (Nepal). Strategic Plan for HIV and AIDS in Nepal. 1997–2001. 2001; Ministry of Health, Department of Health Services, National Center for AIDS and STD Control: Teku, Kathmandu.
   Google Scholar
• Introduction and Policy Background: National Policies and Plans. In: DoHS Annual Report 2056/57 (1999/2000); [Ministry of Health; 1999]. p. 13–19.
   Google Scholar
• MEH Consultants (P) LtdResearch Group for Health Economics and Development. Report of Response Analysis of HIV/AIDS in Nepal. October 2000; National Centre for AIDS and STD Control: Kathmandu.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Health Nepal. Disease control: AIDS and STD control. Department of Health Services Annual Report 2056/57—1999/2000. 1999; MoH: Kathmandu, 165–171.
   Google Scholar
• Murphy H. Interrupting the spread of HIV in Nepal. Final Report. Kathmandu: Save the Children/US, April 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Health Nepal. Development partners: multilateral partners. Department of Health Services Annual Report 2056/57—1999/2000. 1999; MoH: Kathmandu, 249–327.
   Google Scholar
• United States Agency for International Development, Nepal. USAID/NEPAL Country Strategic Plan FY 2001–2005. 2000; Nepal: Kathmandu.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Development Programme. Assistance for an expanded rights-based response to the concentrated HIV/AIDS epidemic in Nepal. Project Document. Kathmandu: UNDP, April 2001.
   Google Scholar
• D Seddon, J Adhikari, G Gurung. Foreign Labour Migration and the Remittance Economy of Nepal. July 2000; Overseas Development Group, University of East Anglia: Norwich.
   Google Scholar
• International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. UN GA Res 2200 (XXI). At: 〈http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/a_cescr.htm〉. Accessed 25 March 2003.
   Google Scholar
• New ERA (Nepal). Migration Policy in Nepal: Review and Recommendations. June 2000; New ERA: Kathmandu.
   Google Scholar
• Treaty of “Peace and Friendship” between the Government of India and the Government of Nepal, 1950. At: 〈http://www.nepalicongress.org.np/nepal/peace.html〉. Accessed 25 March 2003.
   Google Scholar
• MT Mbizvo, R Machekano, W McFarland. HIV seroincidence and correlates of seroconversion in a cohort of male factory workers in Harare, Zimbabwe. AIDS. 10: 1996; 895–901.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNAIDS, International Organization for Migration. Migration and AIDS. International Migration. 36(4): 1996; 445–469.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• His Majesty's Government, Ministry of Law and Justice. Constitution of the Kingdom of Nepal 2047 (1990). 1999; Law Books Management Board: Kathmandu.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Children's Fund. State of the World's Children 2001. 2001; UNICEF: New York.
   Google Scholar
• M Laga, A Manoka, M Kivuvu. Non-ulcerative sexually transmitted diseases as risk factors for HIV-1 transmission in women: results from a cohort study. AIDS. 1: 1993; 95–102.
   Google Scholar
• JN Wasserheit. Epidemiological synergy interrelationships between human immunodeficiency virus infection and other sexually transmitted diseases. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 19: 1992; 61–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Comments of the Human Rights Committee: Nepal. Proceedings of the Fifty-second session of the Human Rights Committee; CCPR/C/79/Add.42. 1994 Oct. 11; Nepal.
   Google Scholar
• Forum for Women, Law and Development. Mapping of HIV/AIDS laws and policies. 2001; FWLD: Kathmandu. Draft.
   Google Scholar
• R Cook. Gender, health and human rights. JM Mann, S Gruskin, M Grodin. Health and Human Rights: A Reader. 1999; Routledge Press: New York, 253–264.
   Google Scholar
• Women Living Under Muslim Laws. Nepal: Country Code (Eleventh Amendment) Bill and Women's Rights. At: 〈http://www.wluml.org/english/new-archives/nepal/11th-amendment.htm〉. Accessed 25 March 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Regmi Research (Private) Ltd. Marriage and Conjugal Relations. Nepal Miscellaneous Series. 1988; Regmi Research: Kathmandu.
   Google Scholar
• K Tomasevski. Special Rapporteur for Education 1999 Report E/CN.4/1999/49: Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Proceedings of the Fifty-Fifth Session of the Commission on Human Rights, United Nations Economic and Social Council, 13 January 1999. 1999; UN: New York.
   Google Scholar